Ketogenic Diet: Health Risks and Potential Benefits

The ketogenic diet, popular for its weight loss potential, has been flagged by nutritionists as potentially posing risks to heart, kidney, and bone health. While a short-term application under medical supervision may be possible, it is not a sustainable long-term dietary program. The ketogenic diet, rich in fats and low in carbohydrates, was first employed in 1911 by a Parisian doctor couple to control epileptic seizures. It gained traction when the Mayo Clinic later confirmed its effectiveness in reducing epileptic attacks. The diet relies on replacing glucose with ketone bodies for energy production, aiming for a daily carbohydrate intake of less than 50 grams to induce ketosis. While this can lead to weight loss, uncontrolled implementation can cause side effects like bad breath, excessive thirst, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headaches, and even confusion. Furthermore, the high protein and fat content of the ketogenic diet can burden the heart, kidneys, and bones. Limiting dairy products, grains like wheat, barley, rye, oats, and corn, fruits, root vegetables, legumes, and other high-carbohydrate foods can lead to calcium, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies. Studies have also shown a decrease in the diversity and quantity of gut microbiota due to the diet. While the ketogenic diet has potential benefits like reduced appetite, increased fat burning, and improved protein thermal effect, these advantages are balanced by the associated health risks. Experts recommend a gradual transition to a normal diet after following the ketogenic diet for a brief period, ideally between 3 weeks and a few months. The long-term effects of the ketogenic diet are unknown, making it safer to follow it for short durations. Other, less restrictive diets like the Modified Atkins Diet and the Low Glycemic Index Diet are often preferred for weight loss in both obese individuals and athletes due to their flexibility and reduced restrictions.