The Turkish Ministry of Health’s Newborn Screening Program, implemented since 1987, has been instrumental in detecting and treating genetic diseases in newborns. The program screens for six genetic disorders, including phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism (CHT), biotinidase deficiency (BD), cystic fibrosis (CF), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A few drops of blood are collected from the baby’s heel, providing early diagnosis and enabling immediate treatment, preventing potentially life-threatening complications like brain damage, intellectual disability, and developmental delays. In 2023, the program screened over 931,000 babies, identifying over 5,000 cases of genetic diseases. Timely treatment has effectively mitigated the risk of irreversible health issues for these infants.