A groundbreaking mRNA vaccine for lung cancer has been administered to a 67-year-old British man, sparking headlines about a potential breakthrough in cancer treatment. While the technology holds immense promise, experts caution that significant hurdles remain. Dr. Nikolai Kryuchkov, an immunologist specializing in drug development, explained that these vaccines work by training the immune system to identify and attack specific cancer cells. Each vaccine is tailored to an individual’s tumor, making it highly personalized. However, the process of identifying the unique genetic markers within the tumor is complex and expensive, requiring extensive research and analysis. The time-sensitive nature of advanced cancers adds further complexity, as every day counts for patients in critical stages. While mRNA vaccines show promise in extending life for those with advanced cancer, their effectiveness and accessibility remain key areas of ongoing research and development.